El sector más castigado: las PyMES (bajo presión impositiva).

Imag
Lunes 16 de Diciembre de 2019

 

El peso de la carga tributaria se suma a la fuerte recesión. Propuestas para reducir impuestos y mejorar el consumo.

(Fuente: inBahiaBlanca)

La presión impositiva que sufren las fábricas Pymes del país es récord, es la segunda del mundo en esta categoría y en promedio duplica a los países del Mercosur. Ese hecho provocó el crecimiento desproporcionado de la informalidad laboral y empresaria, que tuvo como consecuencia una retracción de las exportaciones, una caída del empleo registrado y el cierre de más de 8.500 empresas del sector, según indicó .
Un informe realizado por Industriales Pymes Argentinos (IPA) señaló que la presión impositiva total sobre el porcentaje de ganancia neta de una Pyme argentina es del 106,3%, si se toman en cuenta las distintas tasas y aportes que un empresario industrial debe afrontar para realizar un acuerdo comercial, y que incluye -entre las cargas más pesadas- a los Ingresos Brutos, los Aportes Patronales, el Impuesto al Cheque y el Impuesto a las Ganancias, entre otros.
La carga impositiva coloca a la Argentina como el segundo país en el mundo con mayor presión, luego del Estado africano de Las Comoras, y muy por encima de Eritrea (84%), Bolivia (84%), Guinea Ecuatorial (79%), Palau (77%), República Centroafricana (73%) y Venezuela (73%), Afganistán (71%) y Colombia (71%), entre los 10 primeros.
La presión impositiva total del 106,3% que recae sobre las Pymes argentinas, de acuerdo al ránking mundial, más que duplica el promedio de impuestos que aplican los países según la medición de la OCDE (40,4%). La gran mayoría de los países del Mercosur, como Uruguay, Perú, Paraguay y Chile están por debajo de la línea impositiva promedio, lo que constituye en un gran perjuicio competitivo para los productos argentinos a donde históricamente encontraban mercados favorables.

Camino a la informalidad

“Este escenario explica claramente el crecimiento de la informalidad y el cierre de empresas durante los últimos años”, afirmó Daniel Rosato, presidente del IPA, quien detalló que “la descomposición del 106% de impuestos sobre la ganancia neta de una firma industrial tipo, cuya carga impositiva se analiza para la mayor parte de los países del mundo, es una de las causantes más importante de la crisis sectorial”.
Agregó que “la informalidad en la economía ya generó más de 4 millones de trabajadores en la ilegalidad”, y fue “causal de la caída sustancial del PBI que trajo como consecuencia la pérdida de competitividad industrial”.
“Si tomamos en cuenta esta situación inédita para una economía en recesión, vemos con angustia la explicación al cierre de más de 8.500 industrias Pymes argentinas, y el derrumbe de las exportaciones manufactureras que en la actualidad no superan el 5% de su capacidad exportable”, alertó el referente de los industriales.

Círculo vicioso

Rosato sostuvo que la fuerte presión impositiva “expulsó a miles de trabajadores y empresas a la informalidad, lo que generó un cuadro de competencia desleal con las Pymes que se mantienen con mucho esfuerzo dentro del circuito de la legalidad”. “Se trata de un círculo vicioso, que fue causante de que el Estado no recaude en forma genuina y no pueda financiar con recursos proveniente de la producción las obligaciones que tiene que afrontar”, alertó.
El IPA destacó la importancia de que la recuperación de la economía, “debe realizarse tomando en cuenta el aumento del consumo”. Para eso, reiteró su propuesta de transferir impuestos que pagan las Pymes “al bolsillo de los trabajadores como una salida transitoria que debe disminuirse en el tiempo considerando la paulatina reactivación”.
“Si las Pymes desvían, por ejemplo, los Aportes Patronales hacia el bolsillo de los trabajadores, se generará un mayor consumo y de esa manera se reactivará de manera más dinámica la actividad. Si se logra eso, no sólo habrá más necesidad de producir y nuevos puestos de trabajo sino que la informalidad de las empresas ya no será un negocio que favorezca la competitividad”, enfatizó Rosato.


 

 

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